Facts
of the Case
"The
Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA), enacted in 1996, states that, for the purposes
of federal law, the words “marriage” and “spouse” refer to legal unions between
one man and one woman. Since that time, some states have authorized same-sex
marriage. In other cases regarding the DOMA, federal courts have ruled it
unconstitutional under the Fifth Amendment, but the courts have disagreed on
the rationale.
Edith
Windsor is the widow and sole executor of the estate of her late spouse, Thea
Clara Spyer, who died in 2009. The two were married in Toronto, Canada, in
2007, and their marriage was recognized by New York state law. Thea Syper left
her estate to her spouse, and because their marriage was not recognized by
federal law, the government imposed $363,000 in taxes. Had their marriage been
recognized, the estate would have qualified for a marital exemption, and no
taxes would have been imposed.
On
November 9, 2010 Windsor filed suit in district court seeking a declaration
that the Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional. At the time the suit was
filed, the government’s position was that DOMA must be defended. On February
23, 2011, the President and the Attorney General announced that they would not
defend DOMA. On April 18, 2011, the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group of the
House of Representatives filed a petition to intervene in defense of DOMA and
motioned to dismiss the case. The district court denied the motion, and later
held that DOMA was unconstitutional. The U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second
Circuit affirmed.
Question
Does
the executive branch’s agreement with the lower court that the act is
unconstitutional deprive the Supreme Court of jurisdiction to decide the case?
Does
the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group of the House of Representatives have
standing in the case?
Does
the Defense of Marriage Act, which defines the term “marriage” under federal
law as a “legal union between one man and one woman” deprive same-sex couples
who are legally married under state laws of their Fifth Amendment rights to
equal protection under federal law?" (Copied from Oyez.com of Chicago Kent
University of Law)
Link: Audio of "United States v. Windsor" DOMA case (Oyez.com)
Link: AUDIO & TRANSCRIPT: "United States v. Windsor" Key Moments From the Hearing on the Defense of Marriage Act (NYTimes)
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