12/15/12 The holiday of Chanukah is a holiday that celebrates the triumph of our holy ancestors over religious persecution. In 167/66 B.C.E. Antiochus IV Epiphanies initiated a series of horrible religious persecutions.
These persecutions included:
1) A rescinding of the rights of extensive religious freedom that were enacted by Antiochus III.
2) In December of 167 foreign idols were brought into the Beit Hamikdash (The Holy Temple).
3) Shabbat and Festivals were not permitted to be observed.
4) Altars were built so that unclean animals could be offered upon them in violation of Jewish law.
5) Circumcision was outlawed.
6) Dietary laws were outlawed.
7) Torah scrolls were burned.
Anyone who disobeyed these laws was punished with execution. (See the article by Lawrence Schiffman in YU To Go, 5773, 44.)
This idea that Chanukah is primarily a festival that celebrates the triumph of our ancestors over religious persecution has actual relevance in Jewish law. The classic code of Jewish Law, the Shulchan Aruch, records that the days of Chanukah were not established for mishteh ve-simcha, for parties and celebration (670:2). The Mishnah Berurah explains that there is a crucial difference between Chanukah when we are not legally required to have a festive meal and the holiday of Purim, when we are required to do so:
For on Purim there was a decree to destroy and kill our bodies, which is in effect the nullification of drinking and happiness, but not our souls. For on Purim even if we changed our religion they still would have killed us. Thus, when God saved us on Purim they established the practice of praising God through the physical celebration of our bodies by drinking and celebrating. This is not the case with respect to Antiochus. For Antiochus did not desire to kill them. He only persecuted them in order to cause them to change their religion. As it states, "to cause them to forget Your Torah, and to bring them away from Your laws." And if the Jews had changed their religious ways then Antiochus would have accepted them.... For this reason these days were established only as days of praise and gratitude to God and not as days of physical celebration. (Mishnah Berurah 670:6)
For our rabbis the message of Chanukah was always a message of religious persecution and the right for religious freedom. The rabbis chose to emphasize the miracle of the oil because it represents the religious element of the revolt: the right to light a pure candle in the Beit Hamikdash.
The message of Chanukah that we should focus on in our own lives today is this idea of religious persecution. The same way in which our ancestors stood up against religious persecution, we too, must stand up for those who are persecuted in the name of religion. Because of our ancestors in the time of Antiochus, because of our ancestors who faced so many persecutions in Jewish history, we too have a responsibility to speak out against persecution in the name of religion.
While this is true of all Jews it is especially true of Jews in America.
In America we Jews have been the great beneficiaries of those who have spoken out against persecution.
One of the greatest Chanukah stories of all time is the story of what happened in Billings, Montana in 1993.
Here is an editorial from the Billings Gazette in December of 1993:
"On December 2, 1993, someone twisted by hate threw a brick through the window of the home of one of our neighbors: a Jewish family who chose to celebrate the holiday season by displaying a symbol of faith-a menorah-for all to see. Today, members of religious faiths throughout Billings are joining together to ask residents to display the menorah as a symbol of something else: our determination to live together in harmony, and our dedication to the principle of religious liberty embodied in the First Amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. We urge all citizens to share in this message by displaying this menorah on a door or a window from now until Christmas. Let all the world know that the national hatred of a few cannot destroy what all of us in Billings, and in America, have worked together so long to build."
That year nearly every window in Billings, Montana had a paper Menorah.
In Montana, we Jews were once again the beneficiaries of brave and kind people who stood up and spoke out against twisted persecution.
This Chanukah I want to share my views on homosexuality and same sex marriage -- an area that I believe relates to the concern I have about religious persecution.